Circuit Board

There are basically four steps involved in making a cell phone charger. First step is stepping down the 220 volts of AC supply into small voltage. Second step involves rectification of AC into DC by using a full wave bridge rectifier. Since the DC voltage obtained in second step, contains AC ripple which is removed using filtration process. The last step is the voltage regulation in which IC 7805 is used to provide 5 volts regulated DC supply.

A full wave bridge rectifier is a setup which is used takes alternating current (AC) as input and converts both cycle in its time period into direct current (DC). It consists of four diodes connected as bridge as shown in the circuit diagram. This process of converting alternating current half waves into direct current is known as rectification.